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Text File | 1992-01-05 | 15.8 KB | 705 lines

DOSNIX QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Copyr. 1991 by G. Vrooman All rights reserved. GETTING STARTED: If you have a hard drive, make a directory named C:\DOSNIX and copy the DOSNIX files into it. To use DOSNIX from any directory, you need the following statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file: PATH = C:;C:\DOSNIX If you already have a path statement, add ;C:\DOSNIX to the end of it. If you don't have an AUTOEXEC.BAT file, you can make one with any handy text editor. The following line will help you keep track of where you are on your hard drive: PROMPT $P$G This will make your current directory part of your prompt. If you don't have a hard drive, you can make a bootable floppy disk with COMMAND.COM, FORMAT.COM, PRINT.COM and any other MSDOS utilities you need. Copy as many DOSNIX utilities as you can to it and use it as a working disk. If you have 640k of ram you can use part of it for a ram disk. Make a bootable floppy disk with a directory named \BIN and copy all desired utilities to \BIN. Copy VDISK.SYS (some versions of MSDOS use RAMDISK.SYS) to the root directory and create the following files in the root directory: CONFIG.SYS: files = 10 buffers = 20 device = vdisk.sys 256 AUTOEXEC.BAT: copy bin\*.* c:\ copy command.com c:\ copy cauto.bat c:\autoexec.bat c: command /p CAUTO.BAT: path = c:\ set COMSPEC = c:\command.com prompt $p$g When you boot your computer with this disk you will have a 256k ramdisk named C:, containing DOS and all your utilities. You will still have 384k of free ram, and your floppy drives will now be free for other purposes. If you have extended memory, you can use device = vdisk.sys 256 /e to configure your ram disk in extended memory. DOSNIX OPTIONS: Most DOSNIX commands have a simple format which can be enhanced by the use of UNIX style option strings. The option string is always the first argument after the command and usually begins with a "-". See DOSNIX.DOC for the options available with each command. If you are used to MSDOS switches and find this awkward you can insert the following line in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file: SET SWITCH=/ (No space before or after "=") All commands except CHMOD and READ will recognize a "/" as an option delimiter. If you don't use this feature, you can use slashes in path names, as in UNIX, and they will be converted to back slashes. INSTANT HELP: DOSNIX.DOC has now been keyed for quick command searches and a HELP.BAT file has been included. To obtain on-line help, type "help" and the name of the subject with which you want help. In addition, a brief summary of most commands can be obtained by typing the name of the command followed by a "-?". NOTE: UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T corporation MSDOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft corporation STANDARD INPUT (STDIN) AND STANDARD OUTPUT (STDOUT) DOSNIX utilities make extensive use of STDIN and STDOUT. STDIN is the keyboard unless you decide to redirect it. STDOUT is the screen unless you decide to redirect it. Redirection is done by using the MSDOS operators; <, >, >> and |. < used with a program that normally reads from STDIN. It tells MSDOS to use the contents of a file for STDIN. For example: more < dosnix.doc > writes STDOUT to a file. For example: cat dosnix.doc writes DOSNIX.DOC to the screen, while cat dosnix.doc > another.doc copies DOSNIX.DOC to ANOTHER.DOC. >> appends STDOUT to an existing file or writes STDOUT to a new file. For example: cat quickref.doc >> dosnix.doc appends QUICKREF.DOC to DOSNIX.DOC. Unfortunately this operator will leave an unwanted CTRL-Z between the two files. For this reason, DOSNIX includes an APP command. | The pipeline operator. Uses STDOUT as STDIN for a second program. For example: cat *.doc | read pipes all files with an extension of .DOC to READ. UNIX and DOSNIX provide an additional command, TEE, which will write STDOUT to the screen and store it in a file at the same time. For example: cat dosnix.doc | tee another.doc writes DOSNIX.DOC to the screen and stores it in ANOTHER.DOC. LIST OF DOSNIX COMMANDS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- APP append standard input to file(s). CAT Copy text file(s) to standard output. CHMOD Modify attribute(s) of file. CLR Set screen foreground, background and border colors. CP Copy file to new file or directory. CPDIR Copy directory and all subdirectories. DB Delete all files except specified files. EDC Easy Directory Change. FFIND Find all copies of file in specified path. GET Find all filenames containing specified string. LS List contents of directory. MV Move file to new file or directory. MVDIR Move directory and all subdirectories to new location. READ Display text file in page format. RM Remove file(s). RN Rename file or directory. SGREP Search files(s) for text. SPLIT Split a text file into smaller pieces. TEE Copy standard input to standard output and file(s). TOLOWER Convert standard input to lower case. TOUCH Modify file time and date. TOUPPER Convert standard input to upper case. CHANGING SCREEN COLORS: (ver. 0.93+) clr gre Changes screen color to green with black background and border. clr -b gre Changes screen color to high intensity green with black background and border. clr blu whi Changes screen color to blue with white background and border. clr -b whi blu whi Changes screen color to high intensity white with blue background and white border. clr bla whi Changes screen color to black on white. (reverse video) clr Clears screen without resetting color attributes. Other colors: red, cya, mag, yel, amb Hint: Try "clr yel amb". This combination is pleasing and won't singe your eyeballs like some combinations. ANSI.SYS: ANSI.SYS is the MSDOS graphics device driver. With ANSI.SYS, you can use CLS to clear the screen without losing your colors. It is also required with many communications programs to view ANSI graphics on bulletin boards. To install ANSI.SYS, copy it to the root directory of your boot drive and add the following line to CONFIG.SYS: device = ansi.sys LISTING FILES: ls Lists all files in current directory in five column format. ls -l Lists all files in long format like DOS DIR command. ls -lt Lists all files in long format, sorted by date, oldest files first. ls -lrt Lists all files in long format, most recent files first. ls -le Lists all files in long format, sorted by extension. ls \ Lists all files in root directory. ls c:\cshow lists all files in C:\CSHOW ls . \ c:\dosnix Lists all files in current directory, root directory and C:\DOSNIX ls *.txt Lists all files in current directory with an extension of .TXT LOCATING FILES: ffind calvin.gif Searches current drive for all copies of CALVIN.GIF. ffind c: calvin.gif Searches drive C: for all copies of CALVIN.GIF. ffind *: wyeth.gif Searches all hard drives for all copies of WYETH.GIF. ffind -f *: wyeth.gif Searches all available drives for all copies of WYETH.GIF. ffind -r *.bak Locates and removes all files with an extension of .BAK on current drive. ffind -i *: *.bak Searches all drives for .BAK files and allows you choose which ones to delete. ffind -l list.txt Locates all copies of LIST.TXT and displays attribute, size, date and time. ffind -m c: *.* Finds all files on drive C: and displays totals for each subdirectory. CHANGING DIRECTORIES: cd \pcplus\downlds\utils Changes directory to edc util \PCPLUS\DOWNLDS\UTILS cd d:\downlds\graphics\gif Changes directory to edc d:gif D:\DOWNLDS\GRAPHICS\GIF edc -s Scans current drive and stores PATH.EDC in root directory. edc -s d:gif Scans drive D, stores copy of PATH.EDC in D:\ and changes directory to D:\DOWNLDS\GRAPHICS\GIF edc -t Displays directory tree while scanning. edc -l Displays a list of directories. COPYING FILES: cp dosnix.doc dosnix.bak Copies DOSNIX.DOC to DOSNIX.BAK. cp dosnix.doc \tempdir Copies DOSNIX.DOC to \TEMPDIR. cp *.* \tempdir Copies all files in cp . \tempdir current directory to \TEMPDIR. cp oldir newdir Copies all files in OLDIR to NEWDIR. cp -i tempdir a:\ Lists all files in TEMPDIR and allows you to choose which ones to copy to A:\ cp -m ted.asm \assmblr a:\source Copies TED.ASM to \ASSMBLR and A:\SOURCE. cp -bco c:\text a:\ Copies only archive files in C:\TEXT, clears archive bit and overwrites any previously existing files in A:\ . MOVING FILES: mv dosnix.bak dosnix.doc Moves DOSNIX.BAK to rn dosnix.bak dosnix.doc DOSNIX.DOC. mv dosnix.doc \DOC If \DOC is an existing rn dosnix.doc \DOC directory, moves DOSNIX.DOC to \DOC\DOSNIX.DOC, otherwise moves DOSNIX.DOC to a file named \DOC . mv *.* \tempdir moves all files in current mv . \tempdir directory to \TEMPDIR. mv oldir newdir Moves all files in OLDIR to NEWDIR. mv -i tempdir a:\ Lists all files in TEMPDIR and allows you to choose which ones to move to A:\ MOVING DIRECTORIES: mvdir oldir newdir Renames OLDIR to NEWDIR. rn oldir newdir mvdir \text \vde\text Moves \TEXT to \VDE\TEXT mvdir c:\stuff a:\stuff Moves C:\STUFF to A:\STUFF. If a disk full error occurs leaves C:\STUFF intact. mvdir c:\basic c:\basic\source Generates error message. REMOVING FILES: rm dosnix.bak Removes DOSNIX.BAK rm *.bak Removes all .BAK files in current directory. rm -i *.* Displays all files in current directory and allows you to choose which ones to delete. rm tempdir\*.* Removes all files in TEMPDIR but leaves directory. rm -r tempdir Removes TEMPDIR along with all files and sub- directories. rm -r a:\ Removes all files and directories on drive A: db dosnix94.zip Deletes all files in current directory except DOSNIX94.ZIP. db *.c *.exe Deletes all files except .C and .EXE files. MODIFYING FILE ATTRIBUTES AND TIMES: touch dosnix.doc Changes time and date of DOSNIX.DOC to current DOS time and date. touch *.* Changes time and date of all files in directory to current DOS time and date. touch -t ted.com TOUCH will prompt you for a time and date before modifying TED.COM. touch -t 07/04/91;16:30:00 test.txt Changes time and date of TEST.TXT to 4:30 PM, July 4, 1991. chmod -a *.* Removes those pesky archive bits from all files in the current directory. chmod +a records.txt Restores the archive bit to RECORDS.TXT, to remind you that you haven't backed it up. chmod +r homework.txt Makes HOMEWORK.TXT a read only file so your kid brother won't erase it by mistake. chmod +h vanna.gif Hides VANNA.GIF so your wife or boss won't see it. USING CAT, APP and TEE cat > test.txt Copies whatever is typed on the keyboard to TEST.TXT. Use CTRL-Z to quit. cat whats.new dosnix.doc Writes WHATS.NEW and DOSNIX.DOC to screen. cat whats.new dosnix.doc > docs.txt Concatenates WHATS.NEW and DOSNIX.DOC and stores them in DOCS.TXT. cat *.c > csource.txt Concatenates all files with an extension of .C and stores them in CSOURCE.TXT. cat newutil.c | app csource.txt Appends NEWUTIL.C to app < newutil.c csource.txt CSOURCE.TXT. app < newutil.c > csource.txt Totally destroys CSOURCE.TXT. cat newutil.c >> csource.txt Appends NEWUTIL.C to CSOURCE.TXT but leaves a CTRL-Z between the two files. cat *.c | tee csource.txt Concatenates all files with an extension of .C and stores them in CSOURCE.TXT while writing them to the screen. cat *.c | tee csource.txt | read Same as above except pipes screen output to READ. USING READ (ver. 0.94f+) read Reads from STDIN. Not very useful by itself. If you get stuck in this mode type CTRL-Z to get out. read dosnix.doc Displays contents of DOSNIX.DOC. read whats.new dosnix.doc Displays contents of WHATS.NEW and DOSNIX.DOC. read *.doc Displays contents of all files with an extension of .DOC . KEYPAD COMMANDS: PgDn Clears screen and displays next page. PgUp Clears screen and displays previous page. Down Arrow Displays next line. Up Arrow Moves back one line. Right Arrow Shifts screen one tab stop right. Left Arrow Shifts screen one tab stop left. Home, ^PgUp Moves to beginning of file. End, ^PgDn Moves to end of file. UNIX COMMANDS: <space> Scrolls until spacebar is pressed again. (Not quite UNIX). ^D, D Displays next half page of text. Enter Displays next line of text. ^U, U Moves back one half page. ^B, B Clears screen and displays previous page. H Displays help page. ^L, . Rewrites current page. $ Moves to end of file. N Moves to next file. Q Terminates the program. NOTE: ^ stands for Ctrl key. NUMERIC AND SEARCH COMMANDS: -100 Moves back 100 lines. +100 Moves forward 100 lines. 100 Moves to line number 100. \CHMOD Searches text for first occurrence of "CHMOD". / Searches text for next occurrence of "CHMOD". ALTERNATE KEYS: F1, Backspace H, Display help screen. F10, Del Escape [ ^U, Move back one half page. ] ^D, Move down one half page. NOTE: READ will maintain whatever color attribute is present when you run it. This means you can set your screen colors with CLR and then use READ to view text files in whatever color you like. READ will determine appropriate highlight and menu bar colors.